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Tuesday, February 21, 2006

Canon In D

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在电影《我的野蛮女友》中,当全智贤的钢琴声在大学阶梯课室里响起的时候,满脸尴尬的车太贤情不自禁穿过人群,将准备以久的玫瑰送给全智贤。这时满场一片喝彩鼓掌之声。
全智贤弹奏的这首曲子,也是贯穿整部电影的优雅流畅的钢琴独奏,就是改编自George Winston(乔治·温斯顿)的专辑《December》中的'Variations on the Kanon by Pachelbel'。乔治温斯顿,1949年生于美国密西根州的作曲家兼钢琴家,自1972年录制个人首张专辑演奏专辑《BALLADS & BULES》至今,其柔美优雅极富文人气息的清新曲风,使乔治温斯顿成为先时代音乐界中极具代表性的卓越人物。他的《森林》专辑荣获1995年格莱美音乐大奖。《December》是他四季四张专辑里的最后一张,也是最闻名的一张。

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但是故事没有完,既然音乐名'Variations on the Kanon by Pachelbel',也就是说,这是乔治温斯顿改编Pachelbel(帕卡贝尔)的Canon(卡农)。
什么是卡农?其原意为“规则”。指的是复调音乐的一种写作技法。其特点是各个声部有规则地互相模仿,也就是后面的声部按一定的时间距离依次模仿前一声部的旋律。用卡农手法写成的乐曲就叫作“卡农曲”。我们熟悉的轮唱曲就是卡农曲的一种。卡农出现于十三、十四世纪。后人常采用古代曲调作为卡农主题。如巴赫的《五首卡农变奏曲》。十九世纪的交响曲、奏鸣曲也常用卡农手法,如贝多芬的《命运交响曲》。

Johann Pachelbel 约翰·帕赫尔贝尔 1653-1706
德国管风琴家、作曲家。1653年9月1日出生于德国的纽伦堡(Nuremberg)。早年随施韦默尔(Schwemmer)学习音乐,1669年进入阿尔特多夫(Altdorf)的一所学校接受音乐教育,但因支付不起学费,次年转入雷根斯堡(Regen**urg)的一所学校。1673年至维也纳,成为圣斯蒂芬大教堂(St Stephen's Cathedral)管风琴师克尔(Kerll)的学生和助手。1677年至爱森纳赫(Eisenach),担任了一年的宫廷管风琴师。爱森纳赫也是德国音乐的故乡,8年之后,J.S.巴赫 在这里诞生。1678年至爱尔福特(Erfurt)担任管风琴师,在这里教授了 J.C.巴赫(Johann Christoph Bach,J.S.巴赫的兄长,并在双亲去世后成为 J.S.巴赫的监护人)。1683年,他的第一位妻子和儿子不幸死于瘟疫,次年再婚。1690年之后在斯图加特(Stuttgart)和哥达(Gotha)担任管风琴师。1695年回到家乡纽伦堡,担任圣泽巴尔德教堂(St Sebald's church)的管风琴师,自此一直到1706年3月3日逝世。
  帕赫尔贝尔是巴赫之前伟大的管风琴家之一,也是中德学派的代表人物。他的众赞歌前奏曲把北德宗教性较强的旋律移植到南德较为抒情的音乐气氛中去,自成一体。
  帕赫尔贝尔最有名的作品是约作于1680-1690年的《D大调卡农》,最初完成时是一首《D大调卡农和吉格舞曲》(Canon and Gigue in D),以三部提琴配通奏低音乐器写成,但只有《卡农》广为流传,此曲注重对位、编排,如同自然、数学公式般以演绎的方式,纺织永无止境的理性之路,给人以宁静、平和和鼓舞,被称为“人类理性在音乐上的代表作”。

  帕赫尔贝尔作品的体式和技法,对 J.S.巴赫有很大影响

Canon的版本
最原始的当然是四重奏Pachelbel先生的Canon in D major
1966年 维也纳音乐节又演奏了大指挥家卡拉扬先生的Canon版本,有一点点的是加了一把小提琴。
1985年 George Winston的December问世,带来了他独自改变的钢琴版本。 (Variations on the Kanon by Pachelbel)
1987年 出了个吉他天皇Nicolas Angeles演绎的现代版本。(Canon (Guitar by Nicolas Angelis))
1992年 大竖琴家Mask和长笛演奏家共同在英国皇家音乐学院的周年式上演奏了极其优雅的 Canon in D 。
1995年 日本明星深田恭子,在自己的专辑中也亲自演绎了亲手改变的Canon。
1997年 全智贤出了张专辑叫 Pure apple ,第六首便是全智贤亲自演绎的 Canon Flying In The Sky。

而我也在网上下载了一个接近1gb并含有100首y由不同的音乐家所演奏的Canon in D.
其中,我上载了由Mr. George Winston亲自演奏的Variations on the Kanon by Pachelbel, 吉他大师Joe Satriani的Acoustic guitar版本, Orchestra版本,Bond小提琴乐队版本,T.Matsuhashi的电子吉他版本,除了音乐版本,不少歌手还把Canon in D编录自己的歌曲里,把此曲在发扬光大。歌手方面,我上载了Coolio, C u when u get there及Vitamin C, grauduation (Friends forever)。游览者可以在此欣赏这些歌曲。

A canon is a piece of music that uses imitative counterpoint (see fugue). So, if a fugue is counterpoint, and canon is counterpoint - whats the difference?
Well, in a fugue, an entire musical theme is stated (or mostly stated) before the next one starts in. In a canon, the first one just gets going when the next one starts. Rounds (like 'Row, row, row your boat') are special canons called perpetual canons.
Canons started out in Italy/France under the name of caccia ('caccia' from the latin for chase). So, then 'canon' is derived from 'caccia'? WRONG! Canon comes to us from those prolific Greeks. They had kanna (meaning reed), which changed to kanon (meaning rule or rod), which was picked up by latin 'canon' (meaning rule or model), which was passed on to Old French 'canon' (meaning leaned), and finally to English (an accepted rule).

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Johann Pachelbel (Germany, 1653-1706)
Johann Pachelbel was one of the great organist-composers of his day, a man who could count Bach's teacher among his pupils. His life was tinged with tragedy and hardship - his first wife died with her baby son in the plague of 1683, and he had to flee from the French invasion of Stuttgart in 1692 - but he settled in Nuremberg and his second marriage produced seven children, two of whom became musicians, one an instrument maker and one a painter. His church music is highly regarded and innovative in the way it links the pitches of the notes to meaning - steadfast faith denoted by repeated notes, for example. His lilting Canon in D is a throwaway little piece by comparison to his big sacred works, but its charming grace has made it a favourite filler of compilation CDs. The canon in D major was written in or around 1680.
Pachelbel was born in Nuremberg in August 1653 and died there on March 6th, 1706

A special link for u all, a japanese playing Canon in D with electric guitar using his terrifying skill o.O Click here for the video.

3 Comments:

At 10:38 AM, Anonymous Anonymous said...

abang... itu bukan japanese lah.. is a chinese.. Jerry Chang.. from taiwan lah.. he appeared in super sunday and various taiwan show b4 lehh.. got 1 famous on youtube is when 183 Club 'interview' him then he has live show that plays the song cacatly...

 
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